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                              Coptic women sing on the YouTube channel that inspired this project. Mariam Youssef, a
                                California-based Copt and scholar, started Coptic
                              Women Sing in 2015
                                  where she and other Coptic women recorded themselves singing and teaching the Coptic
                                  liturgical music (alḥān) that they could not officially lead in Orthodox liturgical
                                  settings despite their expertise. The virtual space reflected women’s
                                  increasingly public frustrations with liturgical exclusions in real life.